diff --git a/internal/service/exchange/service.go b/internal/service/exchange/service.go
index c18c1d4..904246f 100644
--- a/internal/service/exchange/service.go
+++ b/internal/service/exchange/service.go
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func (s *Service) Create(ctx context.Context, req *dto.CreateExchangeRequest) (*
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if asset.AssetStatus != constants.AssetStatusSold {
-		return nil, errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "旧资产状态不允许换货")
+		return nil, oldAssetStatusError(asset.AssetStatus)
 	}
 
 	if _, err = s.exchangeStore.FindActiveByOldAsset(ctx, asset.AssetType, asset.AssetID); err == nil {
@@ -454,6 +454,20 @@ func (s *Service) resolveAssetByIdentifier(ctx context.Context, expectedAssetTyp
 	return nil, errors.New(errors.CodeAssetNotFound)
 }
 
+// oldAssetStatusError 根据旧资产的实际状态返回具体的错误原因
+func oldAssetStatusError(status int) error {
+	switch status {
+	case constants.AssetStatusInStock:
+		return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "该资产尚未销售给客户，无法发起换货")
+	case constants.AssetStatusExchanged:
+		return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "该资产已完成过换货，如需再次换货请使用换货后的新资产")
+	case constants.AssetStatusDeactivated:
+		return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "该资产已停用，无法发起换货")
+	default:
+		return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "该资产当前状态不允许换货")
+	}
+}
+
 func normalizeExchangeFlowType(flowType string) string {
 	flowType = strings.TrimSpace(flowType)
 	if flowType == "" {
@@ -487,7 +501,7 @@ func (s *Service) createDirectExchange(ctx context.Context, req *dto.CreateExcha
 			return err
 		}
 		if lockedOldAsset.AssetStatus != constants.AssetStatusSold {
-			return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "旧资产状态不允许换货")
+			return oldAssetStatusError(lockedOldAsset.AssetStatus)
 		}
 		if err = s.ensureNoActiveExchangeWithTx(ctx, tx, lockedOldAsset.AssetType, lockedOldAsset.AssetID); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -763,7 +777,7 @@ func (s *Service) validateExchangeAssetsWithTx(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB,
 		return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeAssetTypeMismatch)
 	}
 	if oldAsset.AssetStatus != constants.AssetStatusSold {
-		return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "旧资产状态不允许换货")
+		return oldAssetStatusError(oldAsset.AssetStatus)
 	}
 	if newAsset.AssetStatus != constants.AssetStatusInStock {
 		return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeNewAssetNotInStock)
@@ -840,7 +854,7 @@ func (s *Service) updateAssetStatusesForCompletion(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm
 			return errors.Wrap(errors.CodeDatabaseError, result.Error, "更新旧卡状态失败")
 		}
 		if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
-			return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "旧资产状态不允许换货")
+			return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "旧资产状态已被修改，请重试")
 		}
 		result = tx.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
 			Where("id = ? AND asset_status = ?", newAsset.AssetID, constants.AssetStatusInStock).
@@ -860,7 +874,7 @@ func (s *Service) updateAssetStatusesForCompletion(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm
 		return errors.Wrap(errors.CodeDatabaseError, result.Error, "更新旧设备状态失败")
 	}
 	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
-		return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "旧资产状态不允许换货")
+		return errors.New(errors.CodeExchangeStatusInvalid, "旧资产状态已被修改，请重试")
 	}
 	result = tx.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.Device{}).
 		Where("id = ? AND asset_status = ?", newAsset.AssetID, constants.AssetStatusInStock).