perf: IoT 卡 30M 行分页查询优化（P95 17.9s → <500ms）

- 新增 is_standalone 物化列 + 触发器自动维护（迁移 056）
- 并行查询拆分：多店铺 IN 查询拆为 per-shop goroutine 并行 Index Scan
- 两阶段延迟 Join：深度分页（page≥50）走覆盖索引 Index Only Scan 取 ID 再回表
- COUNT 缓存：per-shop 并行 COUNT + Redis 30 分钟 TTL
- 索引优化：删除有害全局索引、新增 partial composite indexes（迁移 057/058）
- ICCID 模糊搜索路径隔离：trigram GIN 索引走独立查询路径
- 慢查询阈值从 100ms 调整为 500ms
- 新增 30M 测试数据种子脚本和 benchmark 工具

internal/store/postgres/iot_card_store.go

@@ -2,14 +2,25 @@ package postgres
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash/fnv"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/break/junhong_cmp_fiber/internal/model"
 	"github.com/break/junhong_cmp_fiber/internal/store"
 	"github.com/break/junhong_cmp_fiber/pkg/constants"
+	pkggorm "github.com/break/junhong_cmp_fiber/pkg/gorm"
+	"github.com/break/junhong_cmp_fiber/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/break/junhong_cmp_fiber/pkg/middleware"
 	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )
 
+const listCountCacheTTL = 30 * time.Minute
+
 type IotCardStore struct {
 	db    *gorm.DB
 	redis *redis.Client
@@ -102,9 +113,11 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) List(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOptions, filte
 	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.IotCard{})
 
 	// 企业用户特殊处理：只能看到授权给自己的卡
+	// 子查询跳过数据权限过滤，权限已由外层查询的 GORM callback 保证
+	skipCtx := pkggorm.SkipDataPermission(ctx)
 	if enterpriseID, ok := filters["authorized_enterprise_id"].(uint); ok && enterpriseID > 0 {
 		query = query.Where("id IN (?)",
-			s.db.Table("tb_enterprise_card_authorization").
+			s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Table("tb_enterprise_card_authorization").
 				Select("card_id").
 				Where("enterprise_id = ? AND revoked_at IS NULL AND deleted_at IS NULL", enterpriseID))
 	}
@@ -130,7 +143,7 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) List(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOptions, filte
 	}
 	if packageID, ok := filters["package_id"].(uint); ok && packageID > 0 {
 		query = query.Where("id IN (?)",
-			s.db.Table("tb_package_usage").
+			s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Table("tb_package_usage").
 				Select("iot_card_id").
 				Where("package_id = ? AND deleted_at IS NULL", packageID))
 	}
@@ -151,9 +164,13 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) List(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOptions, filte
 		query = query.Where("series_id = ?", seriesID)
 	}
 
-	// 统计总数
-	if err := query.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
+	if cachedTotal, ok := s.getCachedCount(ctx, "iot_card", filters); ok {
+		total = cachedTotal
+	} else {
+		if err := query.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
+			return nil, 0, err
+		}
+		s.cacheCount(ctx, "iot_card", filters, total)
 	}
 
 	// 分页处理
@@ -181,16 +198,393 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) List(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOptions, filte
 	return cards, total, nil
 }
 
+// standaloneListColumns 列表查询只选取响应需要的列，避免 SELECT * 的宽行 I/O
+var standaloneListColumns = []string{
+	"id", "iccid", "card_category", "carrier_id", "carrier_type", "carrier_name",
+	"imsi", "msisdn", "batch_no", "supplier", "cost_price", "distribute_price",
+	"status", "shop_id", "activated_at", "activation_status", "real_name_status",
+	"network_status", "data_usage_mb", "current_month_usage_mb", "current_month_start_date",
+	"last_month_total_mb", "last_data_check_at", "last_real_name_check_at",
+	"enable_polling", "series_id", "first_commission_paid", "accumulated_recharge",
+	"created_at", "updated_at",
+}
+
+// ListStandalone 独立卡列表查询入口
+// 路由逻辑：
+//   - ICCID/MSISDN 模糊搜索 → listStandaloneDefault（trigram GIN 索引）
+//   - 多店铺（代理用户） → listStandaloneParallel（per-shop 并行，内含深度分页两阶段优化）
+//   - 深度分页（page >= 50）→ listStandaloneTwoPhase（覆盖索引延迟 Join）
+//   - 其他 → listStandaloneDefault
 func (s *IotCardStore) ListStandalone(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOptions, filters map[string]any) ([]*model.IotCard, int64, error) {
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = &store.QueryOptions{
+			Page:     1,
+			PageSize: constants.DefaultPageSize,
+		}
+	}
+
+	_, hasICCID := filters["iccid"].(string)
+	_, hasMSISDN := filters["msisdn"].(string)
+	useFuzzySearch := (hasICCID && filters["iccid"] != "") || (hasMSISDN && filters["msisdn"] != "")
+
+	if !useFuzzySearch {
+		if shopIDs, ok := filters["subordinate_shop_ids"].([]uint); ok && len(shopIDs) > 1 {
+			return s.listStandaloneParallel(ctx, opts, filters, shopIDs)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 非多店铺场景的深度分页走两阶段路径（单店铺或平台用户）
+	if !useFuzzySearch && opts.Page >= 50 {
+		return s.listStandaloneTwoPhase(ctx, opts, filters)
+	}
+
+	return s.listStandaloneDefault(ctx, opts, filters)
+}
+
+// listStandaloneTwoPhase 单路径两阶段延迟 Join
+// 适用于非多店铺场景（平台用户、单店铺）的深度分页（page >= 50）
+// Phase 1: SELECT id 走覆盖索引；Phase 2: WHERE id IN 回表
+func (s *IotCardStore) listStandaloneTwoPhase(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOptions, filters map[string]any) ([]*model.IotCard, int64, error) {
+	var total int64
+
+	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
+		Where("is_standalone = true")
+	query = s.applyStandaloneFilters(ctx, query, filters)
+
+	if cachedTotal, ok := s.getCachedCount(ctx, "standalone", filters); ok {
+		total = cachedTotal
+	} else {
+		if err := query.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
+			return nil, 0, err
+		}
+		s.cacheCount(ctx, "standalone", filters, total)
+	}
+
+	offset := (opts.Page - 1) * opts.PageSize
+
+	// Phase 1: 仅取 ID（覆盖索引 Index Only Scan）
+	var ids []uint
+	if err := query.Select("id").
+		Order("created_at DESC, id").
+		Offset(offset).Limit(opts.PageSize).
+		Pluck("id", &ids).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		return []*model.IotCard{}, total, nil
+	}
+
+	// Phase 2: 用 ID 精确回表
+	var cards []*model.IotCard
+	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
+		Select(standaloneListColumns).
+		Where("id IN ?", ids).
+		Find(&cards).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	idOrder := make(map[uint]int, len(ids))
+	for i, id := range ids {
+		idOrder[id] = i
+	}
+	sort.Slice(cards, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return idOrder[cards[i].ID] < idOrder[cards[j].ID]
+	})
+
+	logger.GetAppLogger().Debug("两阶段查询完成",
+		zap.Int("page", opts.Page),
+		zap.Int("phase2_fetched", len(cards)),
+		zap.Int64("total_count", total),
+	)
+
+	return cards, total, nil
+}
+
+// listStandaloneDefault 原始查询路径
+// 适用于平台/超管用户（无 shop_id 过滤）或单店铺场景
+func (s *IotCardStore) listStandaloneDefault(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOptions, filters map[string]any) ([]*model.IotCard, int64, error) {
 	var cards []*model.IotCard
 	var total int64
 
-	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.IotCard{})
+	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
+		Where("is_standalone = true")
+	query = s.applyStandaloneFilters(ctx, query, filters)
 
-	query = query.Where("id NOT IN (?)",
-		s.db.Model(&model.DeviceSimBinding{}).
-			Select("iot_card_id").
-			Where("bind_status = ?", 1))
+	if cachedTotal, ok := s.getCachedCount(ctx, "standalone", filters); ok {
+		total = cachedTotal
+	} else {
+		if err := query.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
+			return nil, 0, err
+		}
+		s.cacheCount(ctx, "standalone", filters, total)
+	}
+
+	offset := (opts.Page - 1) * opts.PageSize
+
+	if opts.OrderBy != "" {
+		query = query.Order(opts.OrderBy)
+	} else {
+		query = query.Order("created_at DESC")
+	}
+
+	if err := query.Select(standaloneListColumns).Offset(offset).Limit(opts.PageSize).Find(&cards).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	return cards, total, nil
+}
+
+// listStandaloneParallel 并行查询路径
+// 将 shop_id IN (...) 拆分为 per-shop 独立查询，每个查询走 Index Scan
+// 然后在应用层归并排序，避免 PG 对多值 IN + ORDER BY 选择全表扫描
+func (s *IotCardStore) listStandaloneParallel(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOptions, filters map[string]any, shopIDs []uint) ([]*model.IotCard, int64, error) {
+	skipCtx := pkggorm.SkipDataPermission(ctx)
+
+	fetchLimit := (opts.Page-1)*opts.PageSize + opts.PageSize
+
+	// 深度分页（page >= 50）走两阶段延迟 Join：
+	// Phase 1 只取 ID（覆盖索引 Index Only Scan），Phase 2 用 ID 回表
+	// 避免 OFFSET 跳过大量宽行数据
+	if opts.Page >= 50 {
+		return s.listStandaloneParallelTwoPhase(ctx, opts, filters, shopIDs)
+	}
+
+	type shopResult struct {
+		cards []*model.IotCard
+		count int64
+		err   error
+	}
+
+	results := make([]shopResult, len(shopIDs))
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	cachedTotal, hasCachedTotal := s.getCachedCount(ctx, "standalone", filters)
+
+	for i, shopID := range shopIDs {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(idx int, sid uint) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			q := s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
+				Where("is_standalone = true AND deleted_at IS NULL AND shop_id = ?", sid)
+			q = s.applyStandaloneFilters(skipCtx, q, filters)
+
+			var cards []*model.IotCard
+			if err := q.Select(standaloneListColumns).
+				Order("created_at DESC, id").
+				Limit(fetchLimit).
+				Find(&cards).Error; err != nil {
+				results[idx] = shopResult{err: err}
+				return
+			}
+
+			var count int64
+			if !hasCachedTotal {
+				countQ := s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
+					Where("is_standalone = true AND deleted_at IS NULL AND shop_id = ?", sid)
+				countQ = s.applyStandaloneFilters(skipCtx, countQ, filters)
+				if err := countQ.Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
+					results[idx] = shopResult{err: err}
+					return
+				}
+			}
+
+			results[idx] = shopResult{cards: cards, count: count}
+		}(i, shopID)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	allCards := make([]*model.IotCard, 0, fetchLimit)
+	var totalCount int64
+	if hasCachedTotal {
+		totalCount = cachedTotal
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range results {
+		if r.err != nil {
+			return nil, 0, r.err
+		}
+		allCards = append(allCards, r.cards...)
+		if !hasCachedTotal {
+			totalCount += r.count
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !hasCachedTotal && totalCount > 0 {
+		s.cacheCount(ctx, "standalone", filters, totalCount)
+	}
+
+	sort.Slice(allCards, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if allCards[i].CreatedAt.Equal(allCards[j].CreatedAt) {
+			return allCards[i].ID < allCards[j].ID
+		}
+		return allCards[i].CreatedAt.After(allCards[j].CreatedAt)
+	})
+
+	offset := (opts.Page - 1) * opts.PageSize
+	end := offset + opts.PageSize
+	if offset >= len(allCards) {
+		return []*model.IotCard{}, totalCount, nil
+	}
+	if end > len(allCards) {
+		end = len(allCards)
+	}
+
+	logger.GetAppLogger().Debug("并行查询完成",
+		zap.Int("shop_count", len(shopIDs)),
+		zap.Int("total_fetched", len(allCards)),
+		zap.Int("offset", offset),
+		zap.Int("page_size", opts.PageSize),
+		zap.Int64("total_count", totalCount),
+	)
+
+	return allCards[offset:end], totalCount, nil
+}
+
+// cardIDWithTime 仅存储 ID 和排序键，用于两阶段查询的轻量归并排序
+type cardIDWithTime struct {
+	ID        uint
+	CreatedAt time.Time
+}
+
+// listStandaloneParallelTwoPhase 并行+两阶段延迟 Join 查询路径
+// 解决深度分页（page >= 50）时 OFFSET 跳过大量宽行数据的性能问题：
+// Phase 1: 每个 shop 并行查询 SELECT id, created_at（走覆盖索引 Index Only Scan，~20字节/元组）
+// 归并排序后取目标页的 20 个 ID
+// Phase 2: SELECT 完整列 WHERE id IN (20 IDs)（PK 精确回表）
+func (s *IotCardStore) listStandaloneParallelTwoPhase(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOptions, filters map[string]any, shopIDs []uint) ([]*model.IotCard, int64, error) {
+	skipCtx := pkggorm.SkipDataPermission(ctx)
+
+	fetchLimit := (opts.Page-1)*opts.PageSize + opts.PageSize
+
+	type shopResult struct {
+		ids   []cardIDWithTime
+		count int64
+		err   error
+	}
+
+	results := make([]shopResult, len(shopIDs))
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	cachedTotal, hasCachedTotal := s.getCachedCount(ctx, "standalone", filters)
+
+	// Phase 1: 并行获取每个 shop 的 (id, created_at)，走覆盖索引
+	for i, shopID := range shopIDs {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(idx int, sid uint) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			q := s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
+				Where("is_standalone = true AND deleted_at IS NULL AND shop_id = ?", sid)
+			q = s.applyStandaloneFilters(skipCtx, q, filters)
+
+			var ids []cardIDWithTime
+			if err := q.Select("id, created_at").
+				Order("created_at DESC, id").
+				Limit(fetchLimit).
+				Find(&ids).Error; err != nil {
+				results[idx] = shopResult{err: err}
+				return
+			}
+
+			var count int64
+			if !hasCachedTotal {
+				countQ := s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
+					Where("is_standalone = true AND deleted_at IS NULL AND shop_id = ?", sid)
+				countQ = s.applyStandaloneFilters(skipCtx, countQ, filters)
+				if err := countQ.Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
+					results[idx] = shopResult{err: err}
+					return
+				}
+			}
+
+			results[idx] = shopResult{ids: ids, count: count}
+		}(i, shopID)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	allIDs := make([]cardIDWithTime, 0, fetchLimit)
+	var totalCount int64
+	if hasCachedTotal {
+		totalCount = cachedTotal
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range results {
+		if r.err != nil {
+			return nil, 0, r.err
+		}
+		allIDs = append(allIDs, r.ids...)
+		if !hasCachedTotal {
+			totalCount += r.count
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !hasCachedTotal && totalCount > 0 {
+		s.cacheCount(ctx, "standalone", filters, totalCount)
+	}
+
+	sort.Slice(allIDs, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if allIDs[i].CreatedAt.Equal(allIDs[j].CreatedAt) {
+			return allIDs[i].ID < allIDs[j].ID
+		}
+		return allIDs[i].CreatedAt.After(allIDs[j].CreatedAt)
+	})
+
+	offset := (opts.Page - 1) * opts.PageSize
+	end := offset + opts.PageSize
+	if offset >= len(allIDs) {
+		return []*model.IotCard{}, totalCount, nil
+	}
+	if end > len(allIDs) {
+		end = len(allIDs)
+	}
+
+	pageIDs := make([]uint, 0, opts.PageSize)
+	for _, item := range allIDs[offset:end] {
+		pageIDs = append(pageIDs, item.ID)
+	}
+
+	if len(pageIDs) == 0 {
+		return []*model.IotCard{}, totalCount, nil
+	}
+
+	// Phase 2: 用 ID 精确回表获取完整数据（PK Index Scan，仅 20 行）
+	var cards []*model.IotCard
+	if err := s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
+		Select(standaloneListColumns).
+		Where("id IN ?", pageIDs).
+		Find(&cards).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	// Phase 2 结果按原始排序顺序重排
+	idOrder := make(map[uint]int, len(pageIDs))
+	for i, id := range pageIDs {
+		idOrder[id] = i
+	}
+	sort.Slice(cards, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return idOrder[cards[i].ID] < idOrder[cards[j].ID]
+	})
+
+	logger.GetAppLogger().Debug("两阶段并行查询完成",
+		zap.Int("shop_count", len(shopIDs)),
+		zap.Int("phase1_total_ids", len(allIDs)),
+		zap.Int("phase2_fetched", len(cards)),
+		zap.Int("page", opts.Page),
+		zap.Int64("total_count", totalCount),
+	)
+
+	return cards, totalCount, nil
+}
+
+// applyStandaloneFilters 应用独立卡列表的通用过滤条件
+// 注意：不包含 is_standalone、shop_id、deleted_at 条件（由调用方控制）
+// 也不包含 subordinate_shop_ids（仅用于路由选择，不作为查询条件）
+func (s *IotCardStore) applyStandaloneFilters(ctx context.Context, query *gorm.DB, filters map[string]any) *gorm.DB {
+	skipCtx := pkggorm.SkipDataPermission(ctx)
 
 	if status, ok := filters["status"].(int); ok && status > 0 {
 		query = query.Where("status = ?", status)
@@ -198,6 +592,7 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) ListStandalone(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOpti
 	if carrierID, ok := filters["carrier_id"].(uint); ok && carrierID > 0 {
 		query = query.Where("carrier_id = ?", carrierID)
 	}
+	// 并行路径下 shop_id 已由调用方设置，此处仅处理显式的 shop_id 过滤
 	if shopID, ok := filters["shop_id"].(uint); ok && shopID > 0 {
 		query = query.Where("shop_id = ?", shopID)
 	}
@@ -212,7 +607,7 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) ListStandalone(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOpti
 	}
 	if packageID, ok := filters["package_id"].(uint); ok && packageID > 0 {
 		query = query.Where("id IN (?)",
-			s.db.Table("tb_package_usage").
+			s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Table("tb_package_usage").
 				Select("iot_card_id").
 				Where("package_id = ? AND deleted_at IS NULL", packageID))
 	}
@@ -232,12 +627,12 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) ListStandalone(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOpti
 	if isReplaced, ok := filters["is_replaced"].(bool); ok {
 		if isReplaced {
 			query = query.Where("id IN (?)",
-				s.db.Table("tb_card_replacement_record").
+				s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Table("tb_card_replacement_record").
 					Select("old_iot_card_id").
 					Where("deleted_at IS NULL"))
 		} else {
 			query = query.Where("id NOT IN (?)",
-				s.db.Table("tb_card_replacement_record").
+				s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Table("tb_card_replacement_record").
 					Select("old_iot_card_id").
 					Where("deleted_at IS NULL"))
 		}
@@ -246,30 +641,7 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) ListStandalone(ctx context.Context, opts *store.QueryOpti
 		query = query.Where("series_id = ?", seriesID)
 	}
 
-	if err := query.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
-	}
-
-	if opts == nil {
-		opts = &store.QueryOptions{
-			Page:     1,
-			PageSize: constants.DefaultPageSize,
-		}
-	}
-	offset := (opts.Page - 1) * opts.PageSize
-	query = query.Offset(offset).Limit(opts.PageSize)
-
-	if opts.OrderBy != "" {
-		query = query.Order(opts.OrderBy)
-	} else {
-		query = query.Order("created_at DESC")
-	}
-
-	if err := query.Find(&cards).Error; err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
-	}
-
-	return cards, total, nil
+	return query
 }
 
 func (s *IotCardStore) GetByICCIDs(ctx context.Context, iccids []string) ([]*model.IotCard, error) {
@@ -285,10 +657,7 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) GetByICCIDs(ctx context.Context, iccids []string) ([]*mod
 
 func (s *IotCardStore) GetStandaloneByICCIDRange(ctx context.Context, iccidStart, iccidEnd string, shopID *uint) ([]*model.IotCard, error) {
 	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
-		Where("id NOT IN (?)",
-			s.db.Model(&model.DeviceSimBinding{}).
-				Select("iot_card_id").
-				Where("bind_status = ?", 1)).
+		Where("is_standalone = true").
 		Where("iccid >= ? AND iccid <= ?", iccidStart, iccidEnd)
 
 	if shopID == nil {
@@ -306,10 +675,7 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) GetStandaloneByICCIDRange(ctx context.Context, iccidStart
 
 func (s *IotCardStore) GetStandaloneByFilters(ctx context.Context, filters map[string]any, shopID *uint) ([]*model.IotCard, error) {
 	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.IotCard{}).
-		Where("id NOT IN (?)",
-			s.db.Model(&model.DeviceSimBinding{}).
-				Select("iot_card_id").
-				Where("bind_status = ?", 1))
+		Where("is_standalone = true")
 
 	if shopID == nil {
 		query = query.Where("shop_id IS NULL")
@@ -365,9 +731,10 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) GetByIDsWithEnterpriseFilter(ctx context.Context, cardIDs
 	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.IotCard{})
 
 	if enterpriseID != nil && *enterpriseID > 0 {
+		skipCtx := pkggorm.SkipDataPermission(ctx)
 		query = query.Where("id IN (?) AND id IN (?)",
 			cardIDs,
-			s.db.Table("tb_enterprise_card_authorization").
+			s.db.WithContext(skipCtx).Table("tb_enterprise_card_authorization").
 				Select("card_id").
 				Where("enterprise_id = ? AND revoked_at IS NULL AND deleted_at IS NULL", *enterpriseID))
 	} else {
@@ -475,3 +842,43 @@ func (s *IotCardStore) BatchDelete(ctx context.Context, cardIDs []uint) error {
 		Where("id IN ?", cardIDs).
 		Delete(&model.IotCard{}).Error
 }
+
+// ==================== 列表计数缓存 ====================
+
+func (s *IotCardStore) getCachedCount(ctx context.Context, table string, filters map[string]any) (int64, bool) {
+	if s.redis == nil {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	key := constants.RedisListCountKey(table, middleware.GetUserIDFromContext(ctx), hashFilters(filters))
+	val, err := s.redis.Get(ctx, key).Int64()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	return val, true
+}
+
+func (s *IotCardStore) cacheCount(ctx context.Context, table string, filters map[string]any, total int64) {
+	if s.redis == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	key := constants.RedisListCountKey(table, middleware.GetUserIDFromContext(ctx), hashFilters(filters))
+	s.redis.Set(ctx, key, total, listCountCacheTTL)
+}
+
+func hashFilters(filters map[string]any) string {
+	if len(filters) == 0 {
+		return "0"
+	}
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(filters))
+	for k := range filters {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+
+	h := fnv.New32a()
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		h.Write([]byte(k))
+		h.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprint(filters[k])))
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%08x", h.Sum32())
+}